Ukuntu Inziga Yatangiye

Niba ushobora guhamagara igiti uruziga, noneho amateka yabo asubira mugihe cya Paleolithic Era (Igihe cyamabuye), mugihe umuntu yamenye ko ibintu binini, biremereye byoroshye kugenda iyo bizungurutse kumigiti.Uruziga rwa mbere nyirizina rushobora kuba uruziga rw'umubumbyi, guhera mu mwaka wa 3500 mbere ya Yesu, kandi uruziga rwa mbere rwakozwe mu gutwara abantu rushobora kuba ari uruziga rw'amagare ya Mesopotamiya kuva mu 3200 mbere ya Yesu.

Abanyamisiri ba kera bamenye uruziga rwa mbere ruzunguruka, kandi Abagereki bateye indi ntera bahimba uruziga rwa H rufite umurongo.Abaselite bongeyeho ibyuma bizunguruka mu ruziga ahagana mu mwaka wa 1000 BC Ibiziga byakomeje gukura no guhinduka hamwe nuburyo butandukanye bwo gukoresha abatoza, amagare, na gare, ariko igishushanyo mbonera cyagumye kumera neza mumyaka magana.

Umuvugizi w’icyuma wagaragaye mu 1802, ubwo GB Bauer yabonaga ipatanti ku ruhererekane rw’insinga yavugaga ikoresheje uruziga kandi ikomatanya na hub.Ibi byahindutse muburyo bwimvugo ikoreshwa kubiziga byamagare.Amapine ya reberi ya pneumatike yaje hafi 1845, yahimbwe na RW Thompson.John Dunlop yateje imbere amapine akoresheje ubundi bwoko bwa reberi yatangaga amagare neza.

Ibiziga byambere byimodoka

Benshi mu bahanga mu by'amateka y’imodoka bemeza ko ibiziga bigezweho by’imodoka byagaragaye bwa mbere mu 1885, igihe Karl Benz yaremaga ibiziga bya Benz Patent-Motorwagen.Iyo modoka ifite ibiziga bitatu yakoresheje ibiziga byizunguruzo hamwe nipine ikomeye ya reberi yasaga nkibiziga byamagare.Amapine yateye imbere mumyaka yakurikiyeho, igihe abavandimwe ba Michelin batangiraga gukoresha reberi kumodoka, hanyuma BF Goodrich yongeramo karubone kugirango yongere ubuzima bwamapine yimodoka.

Mu 1924, abamotari bakoresheje ibyuma bizunguruka kandi bishyirwaho kashe kugirango bakore ibiziga bya disiki.Izi nziga zari ziremereye ariko byoroshye kubyara no gusana.Iyo Ford Model-T isohotse, yakoresheje ibiziga bya rutura.Ford yahinduye ibi kugirango isudirwe ibyuma bivuga ibiziga bya 1926 na 1927.Amapine yera ya karubone yera kuri ziriya nziga yamaze ibirometero 2000 gusa kandi akenshi byagenda ibirometero 30 cyangwa 34 mbere yo gukenera gusanwa.Amapine yari afite tebes, kandi yacumise byoroshye kandi rimwe na rimwe yavaga kumurongo.

Ubwihindurize bwuruziga rwimodoka rwakomeje mu 1934, igihe ibyuma byamanutse hagati, aho hagati yiziga byari munsi yimpande.Igishushanyo mbonera-cyoroheje cyatumye amapine yoroha.

Ibiziga bya aluminiyumu birashaje kuruta uko wabitekereza - imodoka za siporo kare cyane zikoresha ibiziga bya aluminium.Ubwoko bwa Bugatti Ubwoko bwa 35 bwarimo ibiziga bya aluminiyumu mu 1924. Uburemere bwabyo bworoshye bwatumaga ibiziga bihinduka vuba, kandi ubushobozi bwa aluminiyumu bwo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe bwakozwe na feri nziza.Kuva 1955 kugeza 1958, Cadillac yatanze ibiziga bya Hybrid-aluminiyumu yerekana ibyuma bisa na aluminiyumu byerekanwe ku cyuma.Ubusanzwe wasangaga chrome yashizwemo, ariko mu 1956 Cadillac yagiye hanze atanga umusozo wa zahabu kuri Eldorado.

Ubwihindurize bwuruziga rwimodoka rwihuse muri za 50 na 60, mugihe imikorere nimodoka zo gusiganwa byakomeje gufata aluminium-magnesium ibiziga.Alfa Romeo yazanye ibiziga bya alloy kuri GTA yayo mu 1965, hanyuma Ford imenyekanisha Mustang GT350 ihitamo ibiziga bitanu bivuga Shelby / Cragar bikozwe muri aluminiyumu ikozwe na chromed.Aba bari bagisudira kumurongo wibyuma, ariko mumwaka wa 1966 Ford yakoze igice kimwe cya cast-aluminium ibiziga icumi bivuga.

Ibiziga bya Magnesium aluminium (cyangwa “mag” ibiziga) byakozwe na Halibrand byahindutse uruziga rwo guhitamo amamodoka kuva muri za 50, hanyuma nyuma yigihe gito biba ibisobanuro byimodoka zo mumuhanda Shelby.

Mu 1960, Pontiac yakurikije icyerekezo cya Panhard na Cadillac, akoresha uruziga rufite centre ya aluminiyumu yerekeje ku cyuma hamwe n'imbuto za chrome.Izi nziga zagombaga gukoresha imashini itanga imashini kugirango ihuze imashini ziringaniza umunsi.Inziga kandi zagaragazaga umupira munini wo hagati utwikiriye imitsi.Pontiac yatumye izo nziga zirabagirana ziboneka kugeza 1968;zari zihenze none ntizisanzwe kandi zishakishwa nabakusanya imodoka.

Porsche yinjiye mu isi ya alloy-ruziga mu 1966, igihe bakoraga ibizunguruka-911S.Porsche yakomeje gukoresha ibiziga bivanze kuri 911 imyaka myinshi muburyo butandukanye kandi inabishyira kuri moderi yayo 912, 914, 916, na 944.Abakora imodoka nziza kandi ikora bakomeje gufata ibiziga bivanze kuva muri 60.

Mu ntangiriro ya za 70, Citroën yasohotse afite icyuma gishimangira ibyuma.Citroën SM ikoresha izo nziga za resin yatsindiye Rally ya Maroc muri 1971.

Ferrari yazanye uruziga rwambere rwa alloy, verisiyo ya magnesium ya verisiyo ya 275 GTB yayo, mumwaka wa 1964. Muri uwo mwaka, Chevrolet yazanye moderi ya Corvette ifite ibiziga bya Kelsey-Hayes aluminium-bifunga ibiziga, Chevy yasimbuye mu 1967 na bolt- ku bwoko.Ariko hamwe na Corvette C3 muri uwo mwaka, Chevrolet yahagaritse urumuri rwa aluminiyumu yoroheje kandi ntirwasohoye verisiyo nk'iyi kugeza 1976.

Inziga zabaye nini muri za 90, hamwe nubunini busanzwe bwiyongera kuva munsi ya santimetero 15 kugera kuri santimetero 17, ndetse bigera kuri santimetero 22 muri 1998. “Spinners,” ikomeza kuzunguruka kubera inyungu ziboneka mugihe imodoka itagendagenda, nayo yiboneye gushya. kwamamara muri 90.

Ibishushanyo bya futuristic birimo "tweel," uruziga rudafite umuyaga, rudafite pneumatike rufite amajwi, rukwiranye nonaha gusa kubinyabiziga byubaka bigenda buhoro.“Tweel,” yakozwe na Michelin, ifite ibibazo bikomeye byo kunyeganyega birenga kilometero 50 mu isaha, bigatuma bidashoboka ko bizakoreshwa mumihanda kugeza igihe iterambere rishobora gukemura ikibazo cyo kunyeganyega.

Ibiziga byitwa "gukora", byanakozwe na Michelin, bipakira ibice byose byimodoka, ndetse na moteri, mubiziga ubwabyo.Ibiziga bifatika bigenewe imodoka zamashanyarazi gusa.

Impanuka ni imyaka mike mbere yuko usanga ugendera kuri "tweels" cyangwa "ibiziga bikora."Hagati aho, ibyuma byawe cyangwa ibizunguruka bizagufasha kuva kumurongo A kugeza kuri B neza.Nubwo zikomeye kandi ziringirwa, ibishushanyo mbonera birashobora gukomeza kwangizwa na kaburimbo, ibinogo, umuhanda utoroshye, no kugongana.Urashobora gukenera gusimbuza ibiziga byawe kugirango imodoka yawe ikore neza hamwe no gukora neza hamwe na peteroli.UwitekaRayoneitanga imikorere-yimikorere myinshi kuri byinshi ikora na moderi, kuvaIbiziga bya AudiKuri IbizigaBMWnaMaserati.Turi uruganda rwimodoka rwa Top10 mubushinwa, dufite umurongo wa casting, umurongo ugizwe numurongo uhimbye hamwe nibiziga byujuje ubuziranenge na serivisi yihariye.